Paraftox tablets (ciprofloxacin)

Composition

Paraflox-250 tablets

Ciprofioxacin hcled. To ciprofloxacin……….250 mg

Paraflox-500 tablets

Ciprofloxacin hcled. To ciprofloxacin………500mg

Paraflox-750 tablets

Ciprofloxacin hcleq. To ciprofloxacin……….750mg

Properties:

Ciprofloxacin is a new drug from the quinolone group. These substances are also known as gyraseinhibitors.

 Microbiology:

Paraflox has a strong antibacterial action against a broad spectrum of bacteria it prevents transcription by  the chromosome(genetic material)of the information needed for the normal metabolism of bacteria. This leads to a rabid decrease in the ability of bacteria to reproduce.

Paraflox is also characterized by the fact that as a result of its particular mode of action it does ont generally exhibit barallel resistance to any other antibiotic outside the hyrase inhibitor group. Therefore paraflox is highly effective against bacteria which are resistant for example to aminoglycosides penicillins cephalosporins, tetracyclines and other antibiotics.

Clinical pharmacology

The absolute bioavailability of paraflox is 70-80% the maximum blood concentration is reached just within 60-90 minutes after ingestion.

Paraflox is present in high concentrations at the sites of infections, i.e. in the body fluids and tissues. Lt only needs to be taken teice daily in the morning and evening.

Indications:

Infections caused by pathogens which are sensitive to ciprofloxacin infections.

Respiratory  tract  ln the  treatment of outpatients with pneumonia due to pneumococcus Paraflox should not be used a s a first choice of drug cause by klebsiella. Enterbacter, proteus, pseudomonas, haemophilus branhamella, legionella, and staphylococcus.

Side effect:

The following side effect have been observed:

Nausea, depression, vomiting, digestion, insomnia, agitation, trembling, abdominal pain, flatulence, anorexia, dizziness, headache, tiredness, nightmares, confusion, diarrhea, hallucination, impaired taste and smell, visual disturbances, fainting.

Warning:

Paraflox should not be administered after the expiry date. Keep out of reach of children.

Deteropine ( diphenoxylate Hydrochloride and atropine sulphate)

Presentation and Composition:

Each white uncoated tablets contains; Dippheoxylate Hydrochloride USP…… 2.5 mg

Atropine sulphate USP…… 25mcg;

Indication:

Therapy to provide symptomatic relief which may be adjunctive to appropriate rehydration therapy in diarrhea control of stool formation after colostomy or lieostormy; relie of symtomps in chronic mild ulcerative colitis.

Contradictions:

Detropine is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to diphenoxylate or atropine and in patients. Detropine is also contraindicated in patients with diarrhea associated with pseudomembranous or enterrotoxin- producing bacteria.

Warning:

Detropine is not an innocuous drug and dosage recommendation should be strictly to especially in children. Detropine is not recommendation for children under 4 years of age overdosage may result in severe respiratoty depression and coma, possibly leading to permanent brain damage or death . Therefore keep this medication out of reach of children.

Appropriate fluid and electrolyte therapy should be given to protect against dehydration. If severe dehydrolytes imbalance is present. Detropine should be with held until appropriate is corrective therapy has been initiated. Drug induced inhibition of peristaisis may result in fluid retention in the intestine, which may further aggravate dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.

Detropine should be used in extreme caution in patient with advanced hepatorenal disease and in all patients with abnormal liver function. Since hepatic coma may be precipitated. Bacterially induced diarrhea should be treated with appropriated antimicrobial therapy. In some patients with acute ulcerative colitis, agents which inhibit intestine motility or prolong intestine transit time have been reported to induce toxic megacolon.

Precaution:

A subtherapeutic dose of atropine has been added to detropine consideration should be given to the precaution relating to the use of atropine in children. Detropine should be used with caution since signs of atropinism may occur particularly in patients with Downs syndrome. Detropine may produce drowsiness or dizziness. The patients should be caution regarding activities requiring mental alertness. Such as driving or operating dangerous machinery. So keep out of reach of children.   

Diamicron(gliciazide)

Presentation and composition Boxes of  20 tablets dosed 80 mg of gliclazide

Properties.

Hypoglycemic sulfonylurea – oral Ant diabetic

Indications .  

This medication is recommended for tide 2  diadetes in cases  where dietary measures have failed.

Contraindications.           

This medication must not be used in the following cases: if you are allergic to gliclazide, of you have diabetes  reduiring  treatment  with insulin in case of diabetes complicated  by ketosis  and acidosis diabetic  precoma, if you suffer  from  severe liver or kidney disease, in case of porphyria: accumulation of pigments (porphyria) in the body if you are presently taking a treatment  with  miconazole (see interactions with other medications and other forms of interaction) if you are breast- feeding. Unless your doctor  advises you to the contrary it is generally inadisadle to combine this medication with phenylbutazone, danazol and alcohol.

Warnings.

Hypoglycaemia: (decrease in blood sugar levels) you may suffer from hypoglyacemia in the course of your treatment. If this  happens it may be necessary to hospitalize you to restore your sugar levels. After a hypoglycemic  episode, your doctor will monitor you closely for at least 24 hours. The following  information is necessary to avoid episodes of hypoglyacemia: it is important to eat regular meals including breakfast due to the increased  risk of hypoglycaemia if a meal is missed, or in the case of an inadequate diet or a diet low in sugars: age renal insufficiency, hepatic  insufficiency and certain disorders of the adrenal glands or the pituitary gland may incease the risk of hypoglycaemia: the risk of hypoglycaemia is heightened by the following: a diet which is too strict or poorly balanced, considerable or prolonged exertion, consumption of alcohol or combination treatment with other medications and other forms of  interaction.

Glycaemic imbalance:

In the case of surgery, trauma, fever, or infection, your doctor may discontinue this treatment and prescribe in sulin for you.

Biological analyses:

The levels of glucse in your blood and urine  should be monitored regularly.

Precautions:

Your doctor will explain to you and your family how to avoid hypoglycaemia, and how to recognize the first symptoms and how to treat them. Your doctor will also explain the conditions under which you may become resistant to the treatment with glicazide: othrr medications may then BO prescribed as a repiacement.

Presentation and composition

Tabets:Yellow scorew unccated stamped”Searle on one side each containing dimenhydrinate B. P. 50 mg .

Loquid:Cherry flavoured each 4ml containing Dimenhydrinate B.P.12.mg.

Ampoules:1 ml ampoules each containing Dimenhydrinate B.P. 50mg.

Lndlations:Prevention and relief and motion sickness and treatment of vertigo nausea or vomiting associated with: electroshock therapy anaesthesia and surgery labyrinthine disturbances radiation sickess and postfenestration syndrome.DosGE Oral children 4ml of Gravinate liquid contains 12.5mg of Dimenhydrinate. The liquid dosage form is recommended for children. For children 5mg/kg daily in 2 or 3 divided doses is recommended.Children: 2-6 years 12.5-25 mg (4-8 ml ) 2to 3 times daily 6-12 years 25-50 mg (8-16ml) 2to3timmes daily or use as directed by the physician.

Contralndlcatlons:Hypersensitivity to the active ingredient epilepsy infants and children under 5 years of age to increased susceptibility to anticholinergic agents and their effects (CNS  excitation and increased tendency toward convulsions) narrowangle glaucoma prostatic hypertrophy urinary retention severe hepatic function impairmebt.

Precautions and warnings:Patients should be warned to inform physician of use and report promptly any occurring gastrointestinal disturbances during administration because of risk of developing paralytic  ileus and impaired diagnosis of appendicitis. It should not be administered to children under 5and to patients in advanced age. It may mask the symptoms of toxicity of other medication. It may inhibit the cutaneous histamine response in skin tests using allergen extracts and produce falsenegative results therefore its use should be discontinued at least 27 h before testing.

Pregnancy and breast feeding:It should not be used during  the first trimester of pregnancy and during breast feeding it may inhidit lactation due to its anticholinergic activity. Excreted amounts in breast milk may cause inceased excitability irritability and sensitization in the breast fed infant.

Side effects:Signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity skin rash stomach upset and pain tiredness weaknss drowsiness dryness of mouth blurred vision which are transient or decrease after  dose reduction and may be prevented by concurrent use of caffeine.

Fil coated tablets/Oral solution

Propertles:

Antiallergic agent; Allergic reaction inhibitor. In experimental animais,cetirzine exhibits an anti-h1 activity without any significant anticholin. Ergic and antiserotonin effects. At pharmacologically active doses, cetirizine induces neither sedation nor dehavioral modifications. Cetirizine nor behavioral modifications. Cetirizine exhibits a powerful and iasting  anfagonisic effect particularly selective at the level of the H1- receptors. In human pharmacology, its periheral activity is demonstrated by the clearly sihnificant  inhibition of:

1-the immediate wheal and flare reaction induced by intracutaneous injection of histamine.

2- the endogenous histamine released in viva as a result of stimulation by 48/80

3- the immediate allergic skin reaction triggered by an intracutaneous injection of pollen.

4- the oedmatous sikn reaction induced by substance p or VIP(vasoactive intestinal polypeptide).

5- the immediate allergic nasal reaction triggred by instillation of an allergen.

These effect are achieved without any central effect  being objectively demonstrated neither by psychometric tests nor by duantifieb EEG. A 10 mg intake of cetirizine produces a blood peak of about 0.3/uh/ml between the30 Th and 60 Th minutes. Lts plasma half- life- time is approximare-ly 11hours. It should be noted that resorption is very regular in every subject. Its renal clerance is 30mi/min and the half- excretion time is about 9 hours.

Pregnancy and lactation:

Teratological studies carried out in animals did not evidence any particular malformation. However, as a precaution cetirizine should not be administered to pregnant women during the perod of organ

ogenesis. The same applies to lactation period.

Interactions:

No interaction has been reported so far.

Storage:

Store at room temperature.

Protect from light freezing and excessive heat.

Stability:

Check whether the expiry date on the packaging after the word, Exp, has nos not passed.