Friday 28 October 2011

OFLOBID Tablets For Skin Infections

Compositions:
Oflobid tablets 200 mg
Each film coated tablets contains; ofloxacin 200 mg, oflobid 400 mg.
Each tablets coated contanis, ofloxacin 400 mg.
Indications:
Acute, chronic or recurrent tract infections caused by Haemophilus influenza or other Gramnegtive or multi resistant pathogens, as well as staphylococcus aureus. pneumonias, especially if caused by problem pathogens such as escherichiacoli, klebsiella, enterobacter, prottus, pseudomonas, legionella or staphylococcus.
Chronic and recurrent infections of ear, nose and throat, especially if caused by Gram- negative pathogens including pseudomonas, by staphylococcus. Infections of soft tissue and skin. Infection of bone and joints, Infections of the abdominal cavity, including the palvis minor, and bacterial entries. Infections of the kidney, urinary tract, genital organs and gonorrhea.
Antibacterial Spectrum:
The following microorganisms may be regarded as susceptible:
staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, neisseria gonorrhoea, neisseria meningitidis, escherichia, citrobactor, hafnia, proteus, salmonella, shigella, yersinia,and legionella.
Contra-indications:
Oflobid should not be used in patients hypersensitive to ofloxacin or quinolones. Oflobis is contraindications in epileptics.
Oflobis must not be used in patients with pre- existing central nervous sysytem lesions involving a lowered convulsion threshed. After cerebrocranial injuries in the region of the central nervous system or stroke. In children or adolescents in the growth phase and in- pregnant or breast feeding women, Oflobid is not indicated because the safe use in such patients has not yet been sufficient documented and judging from animal experiments the risk of damage to the cartilage of joint in the growing organism cannot be altogether excludeed.
Adverse Reaction:
Oflobid may produce the following undesirable adverse effects. Gastrointestinal tract, Stomach upsets, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea,vomiting, diarrhea.
Dosage and Administrations:
Dosage depends on the type and severity of the infections.
Administrations:
Oflobid should be swallowed un chewed with some liquid. It may be taken an empty stomach or with meal. The duration of treatment depends on the response of the causative organism and the clinical picture.
Storage and Stability:
Keep medicines out of the reach of children. Store in a cool and dry place, protect from sunlight.












Gravinate Tablets(DIMENHYDRINATE BP)

presentation and compostion

Tablets; Yellow, scored,uncoated,stamped searle on one side each containing dimenhydrinate B.P 50mg.

Liquid; Cherry flavorful, each 4ml containing dimenhydrinate B.P 12.5 mg.

ampoules; 1 ml ampoules each containing dimenhydrinate B.P 50mg.

Pharmacodynamics:
 Antihistaminic preparation competitive antagonist of H1-histamine receptors on effector cells.it prevents most of the pharmacological effects of histamine-smooth muscle spasms,tissue edema capillary permeability hypotension-urticaria pruritus.it exerts mild anti-inflammatory and local analgesic action .it has marked antiemetic,sedative and hypnotic effects,which are most likely due to its central anticholinergic activity.it diminishes vestibular stimulation and depresses labyrinthine function-An action on the medullary chemoreceptor trigger zone may also be involved antiemetic effect.

Pharmacokinetics:
It is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.concurrent ingestion of food may delay the rate.but not the extent of its absorption and action.it is metabolized in liver.it has high serum protein binding.the onset of action is within1/2-1 h following administration,and its duration is from 3 to 6 h.it is excreted as metabolites,chiefly in urine for 24 h.it crosses the blood-brain and placental barriers,and is distributed into breast milk.

Indications:
Prevention and relief of motion sickness and treatment of vertigo, nausea or vomiting associated with;electroshock therapy,anaesthesia and surgery, labyrinthine disturbances, radiation sickness,and postfenestration syndrome.

Dosage; Oral- Children
4ml of gravinate liquid contains 12.5 mg of dimenhydrinate.the liquid dosage form is recommended for children.For children 5mg/kg daily in 2 or 3 divided doses is recommended.

Children ; 2-6 years; 12.5-25mg( 4-8ml) 2 to 3 times daily.
                 6-12 years; 25mg (8-16 ml) 2 to 3 times daily.
                 or use as directed by the physicaian.
children under 2 years; only on advice of a physician.

Adults ; The adult therapeutic and prophylactic dose is 50 to 100 mg(one or two tablets)three or four times daily. for prevention of motion sickness, the first dose should be given 30 minutes before departure;

Contraindications:
Hypersensitivity to the active ingredient, epilepsy,infants and children under 5 years of age due to increased to anticholinergic agents and their  effects (CNS excitation and increased tendency toward convulsions) narrowangle glaucome, prostatic hypertrophy,urinary retention, severe hepatic function impairment.

Precautions and warnings:
Patients should be warned to inform physician of use report promptly any occurring gastrointestinal disturbances during administration,because of risk of developing paralytic ileus and impaired diagnosis of appendicitis.it should not be administered under 5 and to patients in advanced age.it may mask the symptoms of toxicity of other medication.it may inhibit the cutaneous histamine response in skin tests using allergen extracts and produce falsenegative results,therefore its use should be discontinued at least 72 h befor testing.


Side Effects:
Signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity-skin rash,stomach upset and pain,tiredness weakness,drowsiness, dryness of mouth blurred vision which are transient or decrease after dose-reduction and may be prevented by concurrent use of caffeine.prolonged use may decrease or inhibit salivary flow and lead to the development of caries,periodontal disease oral candidiasis,and discomfort.it increases photosensitivity. if these effect are very pronounced,the preparation-should be withdrawn.


Overdosage:
Manifestation of anticholinerguc effect, which are frequent in children(dryness of mouth, nose and throat,redness of face,difficult breathing, severe drowsiness,tiredness and weakness)cardiac arrhythmia;CNS depression. specific treatment-vasopressors(not epinephrine,since it may further lower blood pressure),oxygen,and intravenous fluid infusions.cautious use of stimulants(analeptics) because they may cause seizures.


Storage Instructions:
                                Store it at controlled temperature and dry place.













Monday 24 October 2011

The Detropine Tablets For Skin Infections

Composition And Presentation

Each tablets contains... Diphenoxylate hydrochloride 2.5 mg, Atropine Sulphate 25 mg.

Indications:

Therapy to provide symptomatic relief which may be adjunctive to appropriate rehydration in diarrhoea. Control of stool formation after colostomy or ileostomy, relief of symptoms in chronic mild ulcerative colitis.

Contradictions:

Detropine is contraindicated in patient with known hypersensivity to diphenoxylate or atropine, and in patients with jaundice. Detropine is also contradicated in patients with diarrhoea associated with pseudomembranous enterocolitisor entrotoxin- producing bacteria.

Warnings:

Detropine is not an innocuous drug and dosage recommendations should be strictly adhered to especially in children. Detropine is not recommended for children under 4 years of age overdosages may result in severe respiratory or depression and coma, possibly leading to permanent brain damage . Therefore keep ths medication out of reach of children.

Detropine should be used with extreme caution in patients with advanced hepatorenal  disease and in all patients with abnormal liver fuction. Since hepatic coma may be precipitated. Bacterially induced diarrhoea should be treated with appropriate antimicrobial therapy.

Precautions:

A subtherapeutic dose of atropine has been added to detropine consideration should be given to the precautions relating to the use of atropine in children. Detropine should be used with caution since signs of atropine may occur particularly in patients Down's Syndrome.
 Keep out of reach of children.